To determine the allelopathic effects of mycelial biomass of investigated strains was used a modified sandwich method: between two layers of agar medium was added 0.1 g of dry crushed biomass, followed by the introduction of seeds on the top layer. To determine the effect of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, extract - soaked filter paper discs in sterile Petri dishes were used, to which 2 ml of sterile water was added after evaporation of the solvents, then seeds were added. Aqueous were adjusted to 2 ml with sterile water and impregnated the filter paper discs, after which the seeds were added. Biomass of all investigated strains shows allelopathic influence: the strongest - mycelium G. tsugae Murrill 2024 - inhibits plants growth by 80.9%, the weakest - G. carnosum Pat. 2502 - inhibits plants growth by 30.7% compared to control. Addition of 20 μl of G. sinense J.D. Zhao, L.W. Hsu & X.Q. Zhang 2516 aqueous extract stimulates shoot growth compared to the control by 19.3%. Ethyl acetate extracts of G. tsugae 2024 showed the highest allelopathic influence, which increased with increasing concentration of the extract - at a concentration of 100 μl, plant growth was inhibited by 100%.

Background: Acinetobacter spp. is a gram negative bacilli and very important hospital environment especially treating of Acinetobacter infections. Purpose: The objective of this work was to determine the antibiotic resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from various clinical specimens (tracheal aspirates, blood and urine) between January 2015 and December 2015. Methods: The new BD Phoenix automated microbiology system is designed for automated rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing and identification of clinically relevant bacteria. The microdilution method was used to the MIC values. Susceptibility results were evaluated using 2012 EUCAST criteria. Results: The recent results revealed that susceptibilities of the isolates to ampicillin-sulbactam, imipenem, meropenem, cefepime and ciprofloxacin were highest (71 %) while susceptibilities to trimetroprim/sulfamethoxale and gentamycin (25 %) were lowest. Colistin was found to be the most effective drug. All of 7 Acinetobacter spp. strains showed Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) to ten antibiotics. Conclusion: Antibiotic susceptibility testing results should be considered for selecting optimal antimicrobial therapy. High antibiotic resistance demands a good knowledge of resistance profile in order to determine empirical treatment.

Benthos samples were collected in 2019 from 5 previously determined stations on Gördes Stream. The samples were collected with the help of a scoop and sieved in 60 and 80 mesh sieves. As a result of the study, 7 taxa from Ephemeroptera were determined.

Our country is the leader in terms of boron richness in the world and boron compounds are used in numerous industrial and agricultural purposes. Although it has such a vast area of use, studies on its effects in living things are limited. The present experimental study was planned composing of 10 groups (each group contained 10 Eisenia fetida earthworms). The study included two control groups; negative control group (Group I), and positive control groups (Groups II, III and IV). Positive controls were administered three different doses of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate. Groups V, VI and VII were exposed with three different doses of boric acid. At the end of the applications, conducted for 7 days at experimental habitats, intestinal epithelium and chlorogenic tissue’s histopathology were evaluated by using light microscope. In transmission electron microscope (TEM) examinations, the cells taken form these tissues were assessed regarding to both mitochondrial and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structural changes with glycogen and lipid droplet accumulations. Activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes were also examined by using native gel electrophoresis technique. The obtained findings revealed that the toxic effects of tested boron compound were higher than that of cadmium when only used in high amount. Boric acid was not toxic as much as cadmium.